11/11/2023 0 Comments Fundamental charge of electron in j![]() Studies into the effects of electron–phonon interactions on phonons include the pioneering work of Peierls 8 and later work by Kohn 9 who showed that the interactions can dramatically change the effective interatomic forces, leading to structural instability in low-dimensional systems and significant softening of phonon frequencies at specific wave vectors for three-dimensional materials, phenomena which have been verified through inelastic neutron scattering studies on metals 13. In this work, we experimentally quantify the effects of optically excited free carriers on collective phonon dynamics in silicon, revealing the direct impact of electron–phonon interactions on heat transport. While past work has shown that phonons at specific wavevectors can undergo pronounced renormalization 8, 9 or experience enhanced scattering 10, 11, 12 due to electron–phonon interactions, an open question is to what extent electron–phonon interactions can alter phonon heat conduction-the collective transport of phonons with a broad spectrum. However, electron–phonon interaction effects on phonon transport are less well characterized, both theoretically and experimentally. Given its paramount importance, electron–phonon interactions, and particularly their impact on electron transport, have been extensively studied, from Hall measurements of the collective interaction between electrons and phonons 4, 5, to the development of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that resolves electronic band structure and interactions with phonons through wavevector-dependent spectral linewidths 6, 7. It is a major scattering mechanism that limits charge carrier mobility in bulk semiconductors 1, forms the basis of conventional superconductivity 2, and contributes to optical absorption in indirect-gap semiconductors 3. The electron–phonon interaction is one of the cornerstones of condensed matter physics. We also highlight the possibility of using light to dynamically control thermal transport via electron–phonon coupling. Our study provides direct experimental evidence of the elusive role of electron–phonon interaction in phonon heat transport, which is important for understanding heat conduction in doped semiconductors. The enhanced phonon scattering by photoexcited free carriers results in a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity on a nanosecond timescale. By optically exciting electron-hole pairs in a crystalline silicon membrane, we single out the effect of the phonon–carrier interaction. Here, we probe the effect of charge carriers on phonon heat transport at room temperature, using a modified transient thermal grating technique. While much progress has been made in uncovering how phonons affect electron dynamics, it remains a challenge to directly observe the impact of electrons on phonon transport, especially at environmental temperatures. As a foundational concept in many-body physics, electron–phonon interaction is essential to understanding and manipulating charge and energy flow in various electronic, photonic, and energy conversion devices.
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11/11/2023 0 Comments Microsoft office for mac product key![]() If any of your apps are 32-bit you will see that information here.Īnother compatibility issue is with M-series Macs. Scroll down to Software and choose Applications. To find out whether your version is 64 bit click on the Apple icon in your menu and choose About This Mac, then System Report. One thing to note is that older, 32-bit versions of Office, such as Office 2011, will not work on Macs running Catalina or later. The price is 10% more than the Office Home & Business 2021 version, and will depend on how many Macs or PCs are being deployed to. It includes the same apps as the Home & Business version of Office Home & Business 2021, but, Mac users also get Outlook LTSC (PC users also get Access and Publisher LTSC versions). This version of Office 2021 is available to volume licence customers who just want to make a one-time purchase, rather than subscribing to Microsoft 365. With the 2021 version of Office Microsoft has added Office LTSC as an option. If you are a enterprise user you need to consider a version designed for deploying to businesses. Support for first 60 days at no extra cost.īusiness use: Microsoft 365 for Business vs Office LTSC You get free versions of the mobile apps with extra features that aren’t available in the basic versions.ġTB of cloud storage in OneDrive, to be used by up to 6 users depending on your subscription package. You get basic versions of the mobile apps that can be used on iPhones and iPads (as long as the iPad is under 10.1in – so iPad mini only). Depending on your subscription package you may be able to share your subscription with five others. Install on all your devices (iPad, iPhone, Mac). Microsoft will update the apps with new features. Includes security updates, but no feature updates. Family: 6TB (1TB for each person) Personal: 1TB. Most up to date version of Excel, Word, PowerPoint, and Outlook. Office Home & Business 2021 also include Outlook. Office Home & Student 2021 and Office Home & Business 2021 You can also buy the apps individually, more on that below. That licence will never run out, although Microsoft might eventually stop support for that version.Īs far as stand-alone software go, you can either pick up Office Home & Student 2021 ($149.99/ £119.99), Office Home & Business 2021 ($249.99/ £249.99) or opt for the Office LTSC if you are buying for a business or to use commercially (in which case you will find details on Microsoft’s site here. Hence, Microsoft also allows you to buy the full Office 2021 suite for a one-off payment. The subscription system suits some users, but others prefer to pay for software outright and know that they will own it for eternity. There are various packages depending on whether you will be the only person using the software, if you will be sharing the subscription with friends and family, or if you are a small business or a larger enterprise. With Microsoft 365, customers pay monthly or yearly to always have the most up to date version of the software. Outlook isn’t included in this version, but since March 2023 Microsoft has started offering Outlook for free, and you can download that on the Mac App Store. ![]() The latest version of Office for Mac for home users is Office Home & Student 2021 ($149.99/ £119.99). If you don’t want to sign up for a subscription and would rather own the software outright, you will be glad to hear that Microsoft continues to sell and update the Office 2021 suite. ![]() Despite the name change and a bunch of upgrades at that time, the prices remain the same. The service, previously called Office 365, rebranded as Microsoft 365 in April 2020. If you subscribe you benefit from the fact that you always receive the latest updates to the software, continuously, without the need of having to buy the whole program or suite again. The latest version of Office for Mac is available via a Microsoft 365 subscription which costs from $69.99/ £59.99 per year or $6.99/£5.99 per month). ![]() You can subscribe to Microsoft 365 on a monthly or yearly basis, or you can buy the software outright. There is more than one way to buy Microsoft Office for Mac. Get Microsoft Office 365 Family for £47.99 How to buy Microsoft Office for Mac: Subscription vs outright The 12-month deal is £47.99, which is 40% off the usual price of £79.99 a year. Prime subscribers can also save on Microsoft 365 Family Office 365 apps, including Word, Excel, Powerpoint and Outlook for up to 6 users. Get Microsoft Office 2021 for Mac for £83.99 11/11/2023 0 Comments Mountain acrylic painting![]() Paint the left side of the mountain a dark gray color Again, for color variation, add bits of black or even blue in there but keep the right side very light and bright.ĥ. Paint the right side of each of the peaks. Continue to paint all of the right side of the mountain using diagonal strokes. Then paint the right side of all the mountains going in a diagonal direction.Īs you reload your brush, you can add a tiny bit of black for color variation. You do not have to mix your colors all the way. Mix about 3 parts white, 1 part cerulean blue and 1 part black. I used a 12 bright brush for this! This is a smaller flat brush. Paint the right side of the mountain a light gray color This time I made my line go slightly to the left.Īnd then draw a division line on the third peak. This line is going to divide the dark part of the mountain from the light part. Start at the top point of the peak and draw a slightly zig-zag/ loose line going to the base. Then divide your mountains using the chalk. If you want a more in depth tutorial on mountains, you can see my mountain tutorial here which has these same kind of mountains! I drew three peaks that overlapped each other. ![]() Using a piece of chalk, draw the mountains. ![]() Draw The Mountain With Chalk (After sky is dry) It’s okay if your blue and white aren’t blended perfectly all the way! There can be color variations of darks and lights in the water. These strokes should be horizontal and go all the way from the left to the right. To blend the colors, simply paint over the strokes doing “wet on wet blending”. Then gradually add white into it so that the water gets lighter as you go down to the bottom of the canvas. Paint left and right horizontal strokes starting with that cerulean blue. Try to make your line as straight as possible, although it doesn’t have to be perfect. Use the tip of the brush to paint just under the horizon line. Load your 3/4” Wash brush in the Cerulean Blue. The water is done with the same two colors – cerulean blue and titanium white. If you paint outside the line that is okay! 2. Because you are doing “X” strokes, the blue and white will blend.Įssentially, you want your blue to be slightly darker at the top and lightest on the horizon line. Continue painting “X” strokes in the sky and work your way down to the horizon line. Then (without rinsing your brush) load it in titanium white. Paint the top half of the sky with this cerulean blue + white combination. ![]() Mix blue and white together to make a lighter blue. On palette: cerulean blue and titanium white. Then start at the top and paint “X” style strokes. Then use your 3/4” wash brush and the colors cerulean blue + titanium white. I always start with the sky in landscape paintings! First use your T-square ruler to draw the horizon line. This article has been viewed 659,873 times.Project Type: Acrylic Painting / Category: Fall Color Palette This article received 15 testimonials and 93% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. WikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. To date, Hattas Public Murals has painted nearly 5,000 commissioned works of art in homes and commercial and public spaces. She has studied at The Atelier Artien in Paris, France, Los Angeles Academy of Figurative Art, and under renowned artists such as Robert Liberace, Michael Siegel, and William Cochran. Jeanine holds a BA in Advertising from Marquette University and a Studio Painting Minor from The Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design. With nearly 20 years of experience, Jeanine specializes in creating, overseeing, designing, and painting murals. Jeanine Hattas Wilson is a Professional Painter and the President of Hattas Public Murals, Inc. This article was co-authored by Jeanine Hattas Wilson. 11/11/2023 0 Comments Faux stone exterior panelOur selection of natural stone cladding is durable, light-weight, easy to install, low cost and is built to endure. Your Project Coordinator will guide you through color selection, how much GenStone you need and be your single point of contact for any installation questions you may have along the way. With Texture Plus faux stone panels it's never been easier to get the natural stone look you want, without the hassle or expense of dealing with the real thing. Find Your Favorite Browse Our Faux Stone Veneer Panels > Stone Dcor Options: Natural, Veneer or Faux Veneer Natural Stone Real stone is quarried from natural resources. Need Help? Tap Project SOS and we will assign your project to a Project Coordinator out of our office in Colorado. Available in more than 850 styles and colors, our faux stone veneer panels are proudly American made and distributed from our facility in North Carolina. Starting with the faux stone and brick panels below, use the filter to view the entire GenStone system or click into the color of your choice to see projects and the pieces used from the system of the particular color that you are considering. This easy to install panelized system goes from the box to the wall in minutes making any interior or exterior faux panels project achievable for the ordinary homeowner without mortar and mess. The lightweight high-density polyurethane faux panels are manufactured in a factory-controlled setting, ensuring that each faux panel is consistent and capable of thriving in any climate. The DIY-friendly installation of GenStone gives home and business owners the opportunity to transform a property in as quickly as one weekend. GenStone faux panels are on sale now! Our faux panels bring the beauty of stone and brick without the expensive masonry work. 11/11/2023 0 Comments Legend maker pokemon![]() Pokemon EX Legend Maker Plusle Half Deck Chinese SEALED Extremely Rare OOP. Pokemon Cradily ex Legend Maker 3/92 Holo Rare LP-4.00. They are separated by a diagonal band of semi metals. 4 EX Legend Maker Art Set Pokemon Card Sealed Booster Pack Genuine Mew Arcanine. Metals are located on the left of the periodic table, and nonmetals are located on the upper right. Semi metals exhibit properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. It is the fifth main expansion from the PCG Era of the Pokmon Card Game in Japan. The elements can be broadly divided into metals, nonmetals, and semi metals. Pokmon TCG: EX Legend Maker (Japanese: Mirage Forest) is the name given to the twelfth main expansion of cards from the EX Series of the Pokmon Trading Card Game. In Japan, it was released as Mirage Forest. Some of the groups have widely-used common names, including the alkali metals (Group 1) and the alkaline earth metals (Group 2) on the far left, and the halogens (Group 17) and the noble gases (Group 18) on the far right. EX Legend Maker is the name given to the twelfth main expansion of the EX Series of the Pokmon Trading Card Game. Elements that exhibit similar chemistry appear in vertical columns called groups (numbered 1–18 from left to right) the seven horizontal rows are called periods. The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. We do not factor unsold items into our prices. ![]() Pokemon Ex Legend Maker Ex Legend Maker Singles Advanced Category Filter. Singles, Packs, Boxes and Precons all available here. Historic sales data are completed sales with a buyer and a seller agreeing on a price. Troll and Toad keeps a large inventory of all Pokemon cards in stock at all times. The prices shown are the lowest prices available for Solrock Reverse Holo the last time we updated. A Pokemon Legends game set in Kalos could explore the ancient conflict that led to the creation of the Ultimate Weapon and feature the character AZ, offering a darker storyline and insight into. Each group is located in a different part of the periodic table. Psa 10 Graded Gem Mint - Ex Legend Maker Pokemon Booster Pack Mew Cover Artwork eBay 899.00: Report It: : 2006 pokemon ex legend maker booster pack Banette PSA 10 Gem Mint eBay 325.00: Report It: : PSA 10 Pokemon Ex Legend Maker Mint Sealed Booster Pack Mew New Case eBay 508. Solrock Reverse Holo prices (Pokemon Legend Maker) are updated daily for each source listed above. Elements are either metals, nonmetals, or metalloids (or semi metals). 11/11/2023 0 Comments Miami celtics score![]() Jayson Tatum didn't attempt a single field goal in the fourth quarter, scoring all of his points at the free throw line. The beginning of Boston's offensive struggles boiled down to poor process. Boston entered Game 1 with an 0-3 record in playoff games decided by seven points or less. Yet time and time again, this offseason finds ways to collapse down the stretch of close games. This is not some young team unaccustomed to the rigors of the postseason. More of the same for Boston's offenseīoston's core has now been to the Eastern Conference finals five times in the past seven seasons. Now it's up to Boston to accept that their opponent is going to make 3's if they're left wide open. All three have bounced back in the playoffs, and with Butler shedding his regular-season 3-point aversion in the playoffs as he does every year, the Heat are right back to where they were a year ago. The Heat ranked first in the NBA in 3-point shooting during the 2021-22 regular season, but a number of formerly reliable shooters like Gabe Vincent, Max Strus and Duncan Robinson all happened to have down years at the same time. None of this should be especially surprising, though, because Miami's shooting was far better a season ago. The Celtics outscored the Heat by 22 points in the paint, but it didn't matter because Miami was so accurate from deep. Miami made 16 3's in all, hitting 51.6% of their attempts. The result was a parade of open 3-pointers from the corner. Boston's help frequently sagged towards the basket, especially when Jimmy Butler had the ball. Yet Boston, a team equipped to stop 3-point shooters by switching all screens, instead prioritized the rim. In the playoffs, Miami has ranked fifth in 3-point shooting, and up until their last few, cold games against the Knicks, they were making just about everything. Defenses continue to game-plan around a Heat team that can't shoot. This has created a bit of a problem for Miami's postseason opponents, though, because they are operating with outdated information. The Heat ranked 27th in 3-point percentage across the first 82 games they played, and that was with Tyler Herro in the fold. Miami was a bad 3-point shooting team in the regular season. Here are the biggest takeaways from Game 1. ![]() The Heat are here to stay, and if the Celtics don't shape up quickly, they're going to be Miami's latest postseason victim. Disregard record, seeds and expectations. They beat them in the Eastern Conference finals in 2020. The Heat pushed the Celtics to seven games a year ago. He turned the ball over three times without making a field goal in the fourth quarter as Boston's late-game offense imploded. As for Boston's superstar? Jayson Tatum had a stellar first half, but his quiet second was one of the stories of the night. Just as you'd expect, Jimmy Butler led the way for Miami with 35 points, picking up right where he left off against Boston after scoring 82 points in his final two games against them in last year's Eastern Conference finals. 8 seed waltzed into Boston on Wednesday and took Game 1 against the Celtics with a stunning 123-116 upset. The Miami Heat would respectfully disagree. VIP WATCHĬeltics Hall of Famer Paul Pierce, NCAA president Charlie Baker and New England Patriots Matt Slater and Devin McCourty were among several celebrities in the Garden.Plenty of basketball observers felt that Boston's second-round series against the Philadelphia 76ers was the true Eastern Conference finals. Tatum had 12 points in the opening 12 minutes, with the Celtics outscoring the Heat 21-6 from beyond the arc. Boston ended the period with a 35-20 lead, punctuated by a 3-pointer by White at the buzzer. It didn’t stop the Celtics’ momentum, as their first-quarter lead grew as high as 23-7. He hung on the rim afterward and continued his celebration when he landed, leading to a technical foul. Then, with the game tied at 4, Tatum got free in the lane for a monstrous two-handed dunk. Smart stripped Adebayo on Miami’s opening possession, igniting a fast break and layup on the other end by Tatum. The Celtics got the fast start they had hoped for in front of their home crowd. … Boston’s first turnover of the game didn’t come until the 8:16 mark of the second quarter. … The Celtics took a 61-44 edge into halftime. Al Horford added six points and 11 rebounds. Heat: Were outscored 13-0 in second-half points in the opening 24 minutes.Ĭeltics: It was the first time this season that Boston had four 20-point scorers. 11/11/2023 0 Comments Poppy playtime cost![]() He fell off a very high place to an unknown fate when the box hit him in the back. Toward the end, when Huggy Wuggy was about to break down the door, the protagonist pulled down a huge box. In order to get away from Huggy, the hero has to run through the vents. As soon as the protagonist goes near the dark hallway, Huggy Wuggy comes out of nowhere and slowly chases after the protagonist. When the Cat-Bee toy is created, they place it beside the “Nobody Leaves Without a Toy” gate, and it opens as the Cat-Bee toy is scanned and accepted. They soon arrive at this area, and turn it on to start them up again. There are Make-A-Friend machines that need power to work. Then, a short puzzle must be solved to get even further into the factory, but it’s easy. A vent door opens when the battery is connected. When the protagonist comes near, the vents suddenly close, leaving Huggy Wuggy stuck in the vents and possibly able to find another way out. They see Huggy Wuggy looking at them through a slightly open vent. It’s creepy when they’re going up the stairs to connect all of the batteries. ![]() They find the Yellow VHS Tape and all the Batteries when they move to the Batteries Area. Open: The protagonist finds nothing when he or she goes to open the door. ![]() Hallway: As they move forward, Huggy’s arm is seen sticking out of the door, but it slides back in as soon as they get close to the door. The electricity was turned back on at the factory. The protagonist activates a power that gives the Huggy Wuggy statue a key in his hand, so the protagonist can get into the Power Room. To get to the Playtime Area, they open a door that leads to the Power Room. They manage to get into the Color Code Room, where they watch the Blue VHS Tape and get the GrabPack, but the red hand isn’t there. They arrive at the factory, where everything is completely deserted. The letter then tells them to look for the Poppy Flower, which soon leads them to where Poppy is. The unnamed person gets a weird letter with a VHS tape called “Vintage Poppy Commercial.” The letter says that the workers are still at the factory, and they haven’t gone away. Poppy Playtime Chapter 1: A Tight Squeeze – Game plot It is thought that when all of the chapters are released, the whole game can be bought with all of the costs in one. You can buy the first chapter of the game for $3.99, and the description says that each new chapter will cost $4.99 as a DLC. Granted, the developer never made any promises about sticking to Poppy Playtime’s originally planned price point, but it certainly doesn’t help in bettering the series’ image.An indie game called “Poppy Playtime” is a series of short horror games that take place in an old toy factory. Each chapter would release separately and is planned to cost $4.99.” Many fans of the indie horror game took this negatively, as they felt it was MOB Games going back on its word. Poppy Playtime started off as a Kickstarter project, and in its description is the statement: “The game is planned to have multiple chapters. Making the game free now seemed like a rip-off to those who supported Chapter 1 from the get-go.Īs for the price of Poppy Playtime Chapter 2, this, too, garnered plenty of criticism. Alongside the Poppy Playtime NFTs, this move earned plenty of criticism from the fanbase, and they expressed their disappointment on the game’s Steam review section. Poppy Playtime Chapter 1 used to be $4.99 on Steam, but it’s now free following the release of Chapter 2. Players also aren’t happy with the game’s price points. The buggy launch isn’t where Poppy Playtime’s issues end, unfortunately. 11/11/2023 0 Comments Onesafe pc cleanerIt securely deletes Web cookies, history, recent documents history, any hidden user traces, and more with only a click. Privacy Protector protects your privacy by removing all the undesirable traces in your system. OneSafe PC Cleaner License Key comes with Privacy Protector and Evidence Eraser. 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11/11/2023 0 Comments Pregnant after pull out![]() ![]() Women with 0 previous births had a 12-month failure rate of only 8.4%, which then increased to 20.4% for those with 1 prior birth and again to 27.7% for those with 2 or more. study, based on self-reported data from the 2006-2010 cycle of the National Survey of Family Growth, found significant differences in failure rate based on parity status. Observed failure rates of withdrawal vary depending on the population being studied: American studies have found actual failure rates of 15–28% per year. Like many methods of birth control, reliable effect is achieved only by correct and consistent use. : 33, 42įrom the 18th century until the development of modern methods, withdrawal was one of the most popular methods of birth-control in Europe, North America, and elsewhere. If withdrawal was used during the Roman Empire, knowledge of the practice may have been lost during its decline. : 17, 23Īfter the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, contraceptive practices fell out of use in Europe the use of contraceptive pessaries, for example, is not documented again until the 15th century. However, these societies viewed birth control as a woman's responsibility, and the only well-documented contraception methods were female-controlled devices (both possibly effective, such as pessaries, and ineffective, such as amulets). : 12, 16–17 There are references that have led historians to believe withdrawal was sometimes used as birth control. Societies in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome preferred small families and are known to have practiced a variety of birth control methods. This text is believed to have been written down over 2,500 years ago. Perhaps the oldest description of the use of the withdrawal method to avoid pregnancy is the story of Onan in the Torah and the Bible. Coitus interruptus does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs). This method was used by an estimated 38 million couples worldwide in 1991. Ĭoitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, pulling out or the pull-out method, is a method of birth control during penetrative sexual intercourse, whereby the penis is withdrawn from a vagina prior to ejaculation so that the ejaculate ( semen) may be directed away from the vagina in an effort to avoid insemination. Urinating between acts of sexual intercourse helps clear sperm from urethra. Not proven to be an effective contraception method. For other uses, see AZL (disambiguation). 11/11/2023 0 Comments Intel trade secrets with him engineerThe Central Bank of Bangladesh hired Fire-Eye to investigate this breach. $81 million dollars cyber theft from Central Bank of Bangladesh (Insider Threat Defense Inc, 2017). Pani’s intention was to use this information for personal gain. Though we will never know the real reason why he was gathering Intel’s proprietary documents during his job change to AMD, we know thatthose documents were very valuable to Intel. Based on the above facts that was far from truth. Pani signed paperwork which stated that he returned all Intel Trade Secrets under his possession per employment contract with Intel (USA v. Pani had signed a Non-Disclosure Agreement upon his acceptance of job at Intel. Intel’s trade secret document management system tracks document access information. Furthermore, Intel recovered a hardcopy of trade secret documents from his residence on July 1, 2008. To view those encrypted documents, he was trying to login to the Intel network two days after his last day at Intel, but was not able to. During that last week of his employment with Intel, he downloaded $1 Billion worth of design material in an Intel-provided work laptop over VPN. Pani was taking his vacation from Intel while he started working for AMD, Intel’s competitor. A former Intel design engineer, Biswamohan Pani was charged with stealing $1 billion worth of trade secrets of a next generation microprocessor on. $1 billion worth of trade secrets stolen by a design engineer (Insider Threat Defense Inc, 2017). The Symantec (2014) data breach reports that accidentally made public accounted for 29% and theft/loss computer/drive accounted for 27% of all data breaches. The same report also mentioned that top three industries where most of the breaches took place are in healthcare (30%), public administration (23%), and financial (13%). The Verizon (2017) data breach report mentioned that the top three motives are financial gain (60%), snooping (17%), and espionage (15%). The same Verizon (2006) report mentioned that the top five threats for negligent and accidental breaches are caused by capacity shortage, misdelivery, publishing errors, misconfiguration, and disposal errors. Top two motivations for the crime are financial gain (34%) and espionage (25%). Verizon (2016) data breach investigations report shows malicious or privilege misuse actors are predominantly end users (33%), followed by leadership roles (14%) and system administrators or developers (14%). Colwill (2010) covered both negligent and accidental under accidental.Īccording to Colwill (2010), “A malicious insider has the potential to cause more damage to the organization and has many advantages over an outside attacker…”. ![]() But repeated accidental actions could be considered ‘negligent’. Examples include emailing proprietary data to the wrong person, or be a victim of a phishing attack and install malware in the company network. ‘Accidental’ action neither has a motive to harm nor does it have a conscious decision to act inappropriately. Malicious insiders exploited business processes as often as they exploited technical vulnerabilities (Insider Threat Defense Inc, 2017). Examples include copying company proprietary information in a personal thumb drive to work during the weekend to meet a project deadline or be more productive. ‘Negligent’ action is based on conscious decision to act inappropriately, but do not have harmful motives. ![]() Examples include copying proprietary information such as intellectual property for personal gain, leaking pending merger talks to competitor company. ‘Malicious’ action requires a motive to harm the company with a conscious decision to act inappropriately (Kowalski et al, 2008). What are the insider threats and motives? The primary threats posed by an insider involve loss of valuable company data by his/her actions regardless of intent. ![]() By this definition, examples of an insider include employees (i.e., CEO, janitor, etc.), former employees, contractors, business partners, or suppliers if the party in question has active access to the third-party company’s asset (Kowalski et al, 2008, & Insider Threat Defense Inc, 2017). Who is an insider? An insider is anyone who has active physical or logical access to a third-party company asset involving information systems. Finally, this paper will present a framework to protect confidentiality, integrity and/or availability of data from insider threats. Malicious attacks are intentional, whereas negligent and accidental attacks are unintentional. ![]() Additionally, it will explain security gaps that lead to the loss of valuable sensitive, protected, or confidential data, regardless of attacker intent. The goals of this paper are to review and analyze selected cybercrimes’ events, where actors of those data breaches are insiders, and recommend a common set of actions which would have prevented or reduced successful criminal exploitations. |
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